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                    动态内存分配
            
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                    文件系统
            
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                    实验指导六
            
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                    摘要
            
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                    构建用户程序框架
            
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                    打包为磁盘镜像
            
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                    解析 ELF 文件并创建线程
            
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                    条件变量
            
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                    实验一：中断
            
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                    实验二：内存分配
            
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                    实验六：系统调用
            
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<p>&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D; QEMU &#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x662F;&#x7531; <a href="https://github.com/rcore-os/rcore-fs/tree/master/rcore-fs-fuse" target="_blank">rcore-fs-fuse &#x5DE5;&#x5177;</a> &#x6765;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x628A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x6210;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x628A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x628A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x50CF;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5728; QEMU &#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;QEMU &#x5C31;&#x628A;&#x5B83;&#x6A21;&#x62DF;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5757;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BA9;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x5757;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="simple-file-system">Simple File System</h3>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x4E86; rCore &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6A21;&#x5757; <a href="https://github.com/rcore-os/rcore-fs" target="_blank">rcore-fs</a>&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6700;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684; Simple File System&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48; QEMU &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x5907; id &#x4E3A; <code>sfs</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x5C06;&#x4E0D;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="../files/rcore-fs-analysis.pdf">&#x524D;&#x4EBA;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x6790;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x7684;&#x60F3;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x5B58;&#x53D6;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684; <code>INode</code>&#xFF08;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>INode</code> &#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;">&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</h3>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x8001;&#x670B;&#x53CB; <code>lazy_static</code> &#x5B8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>ROOT_INODE</code> &#x65F6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x3002;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">os/src/fs/mod.rs</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-rust">lazy_static! {
    <span class="hljs-comment">/// &#x6839;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684; INode</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pub</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ref</span> ROOT_INODE: Arc&lt;dyn INode&gt; = {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5757;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> driver <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> DRIVERS.read().iter() {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> driver.device_type() == DeviceType::Block {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> device = BlockDevice(driver.clone());
                <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x4E00;&#x6BB5;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BBE;&#x5907; Cache</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> device_with_cache = Arc::new(BlockCache::new(device, BLOCK_CACHE_CAPACITY));
                <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SimpleFileSystem::open(device_with_cache)
                    .expect(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;failed to open SFS&quot;</span>)
                    .root_inode();
            }
        }
        <span class="hljs-built_in">panic!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;failed to load fs&quot;</span>)
    };
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x5230;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>BlockCache</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x4E5F;&#x662F; rcore-fs &#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x5728;&#x5185;&#x5B58; Cache &#x7684;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8C03;&#x7528; <code>BlockCache::new(device, BLOCK_CACHE_CAPACITY)</code> &#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x628A; <code>device</code> &#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x53D8;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6709; Cache &#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528; <code>SimpleFileSystem::open</code> &#x6253;&#x5F00;&#x5E76;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x6839;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h3>
<p>&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x6FC0;&#x52A8;&#x4EBA;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x73AF;&#x8282;&#x4E86;&#xFF01;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x5728;&#x89E6;&#x53D1;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B; <code>ROOT_INODE</code> &#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">os/src/fs/mod.rs</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-rust"><span class="hljs-comment">/// &#x6253;&#x5370;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">pub</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">fn</span> <span class="hljs-title">ls</span></span>(path: &amp;<span class="hljs-keyword">str</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">mut</span> id = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> dir = ROOT_INODE.lookup(path).unwrap();
    <span class="hljs-built_in">print!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;files in {}: \n  &quot;</span>, path);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> <span class="hljs-literal">Ok</span>(name) = dir.get_entry(id) {
        id += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
        <span class="hljs-built_in">print!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;{} &quot;</span>, name);
    }
    <span class="hljs-built_in">print!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-comment">/// &#x89E6;&#x53D1; [`static@ROOT_INODE`] &#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5E76;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">pub</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">fn</span> <span class="hljs-title">init</span></span>() {
    ls(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/&quot;</span>);
    <span class="hljs-built_in">println!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;mod fs initialized&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x5728;&#x4E3B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5728;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E4B;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x505A;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5199;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x9875;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">os/src/fs/mod.rs</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-rust"><span class="hljs-comment">/// Rust &#x7684;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">///</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">/// &#x5728; `_start` &#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x51C6;&#x5907;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684; Rust &#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">#[no_mangle]</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">pub</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extern</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;C&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">fn</span> <span class="hljs-title">rust_main</span></span>(_hart_id: usize, dtb_pa: PhysicalAddress) -&gt; ! {
    memory::init();
    interrupt::init();
    drivers::init(dtb_pa);
    fs::init();

    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> process = Process::new_kernel().unwrap();

    PROCESSOR
        .lock()
        .add_thread(Thread::new(process.clone(), simple <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> usize, <span class="hljs-literal">Some</span>(&amp;[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])).unwrap());

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x628A;&#x591A;&#x4F59;&#x7684; process &#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4E22;&#x5F03;&#x6389;</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in">drop</span>(process);

    PROCESSOR.lock().run()
}

<span class="hljs-comment">/// &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x548C;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">fn</span> <span class="hljs-title">simple</span></span>(id: usize) {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">println!</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello from thread id {}&quot;</span>, id);
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x65B0;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;</span>
    fs::ROOT_INODE
        .create(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tmp&quot;</span>, rcore_fs::vfs::FileType::Dir, <span class="hljs-number">0o666</span>)
        .expect(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;failed to mkdir /tmp&quot;</span>);
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x6839;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;</span>
    fs::ls(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/&quot;</span>);

    <span class="hljs-keyword">loop</span> {}
}
</code></pre>
<p><code>make run</code> &#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4F1A;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;</p><p></p>
<pre><code>mod memory initialized
mod interrupt initialized
mod driver initialized
files in /:
  . .. temp rust
mod fs initialized
hello from thread id 0
files in /:
  . .. temp rust tmp
100 tick
200 tick
...
</code></pre><p>&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x4E86;&#xFF01;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x4E5F;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x5730;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E3A;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x4FDD;&#x969C;&#x3002;</p>
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